1. #6,827,299TWN10 primes

    Bi-Twin · ⛏️ coinsforall.io

Block #327,264

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 10:29:35 AM · Difficulty 10.1771 · 6,500,036 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
31ec65f63d791c9280cd17a19eb0665e46218ae3d6dcd5c5a420537298fe0fad

Height

#327,264

Difficulty

10.177071

Transactions

6

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2d5481

Nonce

142,000

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 10:29:35 AM

Confirmations

6,500,036

Merkle Root

c87f665d141f60efe692a59359132e3e499c284a6f17c3309ee23a3520ba9d8a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.985 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
49859516937786553934…25636567490256839679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.985 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
49859516937786553934…25636567490256839679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.985 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
49859516937786553934…25636567490256839681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.971 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
99719033875573107869…51273134980513679359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.971 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
99719033875573107869…51273134980513679361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.994 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19943806775114621573…02546269961027358719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.994 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19943806775114621573…02546269961027358721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.988 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
39887613550229243147…05092539922054717439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.988 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
39887613550229243147…05092539922054717441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.977 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
79775227100458486295…10185079844109434879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.977 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
79775227100458486295…10185079844109434881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,862,510 XPM·at block #6,827,299 · updates every 60s
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