Block #327,092

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 7:30:54 AM · Difficulty 10.1782 · 6,481,305 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9f5e6ec0b116e96a2556cc355b97647bac84540ac8d9f8de916da3d8bf85394f

Height

#327,092

Difficulty

10.178208

Transactions

8

Size

2.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2d9f03

Nonce

31,780

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 7:30:54 AM

Confirmations

6,481,305

Merkle Root

7011d28aa58b0aa34d47315a2882297c91490dc88e1734b8cd880dcd4cd57701
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.797 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27971236929282585415…54172084850912767999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.797 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27971236929282585415…54172084850912767999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.797 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27971236929282585415…54172084850912768001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.594 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55942473858565170830…08344169701825535999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.594 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55942473858565170830…08344169701825536001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.118 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11188494771713034166…16688339403651071999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.118 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11188494771713034166…16688339403651072001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.237 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22376989543426068332…33376678807302143999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.237 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22376989543426068332…33376678807302144001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.475 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44753979086852136664…66753357614604287999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.475 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44753979086852136664…66753357614604288001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,233 XPM·at block #6,808,396 · updates every 60s
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