Block #327,022

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 6:20:46 AM · Difficulty 10.1783 · 6,482,142 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1120dd1d2ed0024f3efff4921cf48df4d7ec24f5babea6442b4c290b2b516c2c

Height

#327,022

Difficulty

10.178290

Transactions

12

Size

39.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2da472

Nonce

265,806

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 6:20:46 AM

Confirmations

6,482,142

Merkle Root

c5206c9b4387fb17b686d37dab1870b1a37be7d9e383d26156b3770f48595106
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.563 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75635704485198420919…63818146861883624569
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.563 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75635704485198420919…63818146861883624569
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.563 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75635704485198420919…63818146861883624571
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.512 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15127140897039684183…27636293723767249139
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.512 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15127140897039684183…27636293723767249141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.025 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30254281794079368367…55272587447534498279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.025 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30254281794079368367…55272587447534498281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.050 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60508563588158736735…10545174895068996559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.050 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60508563588158736735…10545174895068996561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.210 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12101712717631747347…21090349790137993119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.210 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12101712717631747347…21090349790137993121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,717,373 XPM·at block #6,809,163 · updates every 60s
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