Block #326,924

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 4:30:52 AM · Difficulty 10.1801 · 6,483,051 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
450ab91107c2c6315682c9da749ea4efb629ebeabe267654d67fbc542d2cdc2b

Height

#326,924

Difficulty

10.180056

Transactions

11

Size

2.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2e1824

Nonce

25,977

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 4:30:52 AM

Confirmations

6,483,051

Merkle Root

1a5c33155730803816c66e078b2f907513e145def2fda2e663840df52f02029a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.040 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
90408317263177871868…64274233703904420799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.040 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
90408317263177871868…64274233703904420799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.040 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
90408317263177871868…64274233703904420801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.808 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18081663452635574373…28548467407808841599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.808 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18081663452635574373…28548467407808841601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.616 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
36163326905271148747…57096934815617683199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.616 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
36163326905271148747…57096934815617683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.232 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
72326653810542297495…14193869631235366399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.232 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
72326653810542297495…14193869631235366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.446 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14465330762108459499…28387739262470732799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.446 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14465330762108459499…28387739262470732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,872 XPM·at block #6,809,974 · updates every 60s
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