Block #326,901

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 4:05:58 AM · Difficulty 10.1811 · 6,481,981 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cafd2264bd3f360f8872fb7afbf5a95a01086fb47b68c829383b65a9d792578b

Height

#326,901

Difficulty

10.181060

Transactions

9

Size

3.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2e59eb

Nonce

187,498

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 4:05:58 AM

Confirmations

6,481,981

Merkle Root

0d9c86e59ef507a339b9f2183dd1cb2ce074cce3da1feca3214a1f14a00662f0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.652 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26527366274930782360…66329277845542037119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.652 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26527366274930782360…66329277845542037119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.652 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26527366274930782360…66329277845542037121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.305 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53054732549861564721…32658555691084074239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.305 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53054732549861564721…32658555691084074241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.061 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10610946509972312944…65317111382168148479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.061 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10610946509972312944…65317111382168148481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.122 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21221893019944625888…30634222764336296959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.122 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21221893019944625888…30634222764336296961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.244 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42443786039889251777…61268445528672593919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.244 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42443786039889251777…61268445528672593921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.488 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
84887572079778503554…22536891057345187839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,715,108 XPM·at block #6,808,881 · updates every 60s
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