Block #326,320

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 5:15:25 PM · Difficulty 10.1917 · 6,487,755 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a92e7bd6923cef6fe046d4fcd0833c3358a6fd2ab5f25f88b561e541d1acdaf5

Height

#326,320

Difficulty

10.191707

Transactions

7

Size

14.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3113be

Nonce

127,378

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 5:15:25 PM

Confirmations

6,487,755

Merkle Root

69186f045192c5a0682264b60f4c55742e52846b0541f2b72e0d7e2afe1110d0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.482 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
84825037828305838224…27780773969091314499
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.482 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
84825037828305838224…27780773969091314499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.482 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
84825037828305838224…27780773969091314501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.696 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16965007565661167644…55561547938182628999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.696 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16965007565661167644…55561547938182629001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.393 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33930015131322335289…11123095876365257999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.393 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33930015131322335289…11123095876365258001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.786 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67860030262644670579…22246191752730515999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.786 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67860030262644670579…22246191752730516001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.357 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13572006052528934115…44492383505461031999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.357 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13572006052528934115…44492383505461032001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,680 XPM·at block #6,814,074 · updates every 60s
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