Block #3,262,812

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/11/2019, 2:03:30 PM · Difficulty 10.9960 · 3,569,830 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
95388ffd0175aaa6c256090ca41e3820b6176ec8b45d9107e07a3253faf36ec8

Height

#3,262,812

Difficulty

10.995973

Transactions

11

Size

4.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afef815

Nonce

163,430,874

Timestamp

7/11/2019, 2:03:30 PM

Confirmations

3,569,830

Merkle Root

94c7f9848b35c2cd5456dbfe136b4f3ab11b8cd4514e21f1512bb0e4c3266ac8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78635223130517669114…19692869177335706239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78635223130517669114…19692869177335706239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78635223130517669114…19692869177335706241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.572 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15727044626103533822…39385738354671412479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.572 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15727044626103533822…39385738354671412481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.145 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31454089252207067645…78771476709342824959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.145 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31454089252207067645…78771476709342824961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.290 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62908178504414135291…57542953418685649919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.290 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62908178504414135291…57542953418685649921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.258 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12581635700882827058…15085906837371299839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.258 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12581635700882827058…15085906837371299841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.516 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25163271401765654116…30171813674742599679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,905,286 XPM·at block #6,832,641 · updates every 60s
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