Block #326,259

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 4:07:44 PM · Difficulty 10.1927 · 6,472,122 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
16c488b5c07217310bf3666429362c759719eb0276ec57e582cc2fb087f9f91f

Height

#326,259

Difficulty

10.192652

Transactions

7

Size

1.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31519e

Nonce

229,199

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 4:07:44 PM

Confirmations

6,472,122

Merkle Root

f7623f412bf0719c879bcbb54b7c1fe74b97a649de5ad52ee7eb564d8c5c03d9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.291 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32915208399843866854…82806036347036766399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.291 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32915208399843866854…82806036347036766399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.291 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32915208399843866854…82806036347036766401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.583 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65830416799687733708…65612072694073532799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.583 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65830416799687733708…65612072694073532801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.316 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13166083359937546741…31224145388147065599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.316 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13166083359937546741…31224145388147065601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.633 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26332166719875093483…62448290776294131199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.633 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26332166719875093483…62448290776294131201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.266 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52664333439750186966…24896581552588262399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.266 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52664333439750186966…24896581552588262401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,631,054 XPM·at block #6,798,380 · updates every 60s
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