Block #326,218

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 3:17:05 PM · Difficulty 10.1943 · 6,477,361 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fe5206f486837cb1dfcfd8531aa1b6a4aef31d7f7f2621ae6f78103b5faed9d3

Height

#326,218

Difficulty

10.194318

Transactions

6

Size

1.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31bed5

Nonce

319,614

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 3:17:05 PM

Confirmations

6,477,361

Merkle Root

e38a0204d1928af682ac6db68f89384b8c2b06129be71c3feb3c1182adaf2e3a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.618 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
86180890563209896557…99663844258058768099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.618 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
86180890563209896557…99663844258058768099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.618 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
86180890563209896557…99663844258058768101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.723 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17236178112641979311…99327688516117536199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.723 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17236178112641979311…99327688516117536201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.447 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34472356225283958622…98655377032235072399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.447 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34472356225283958622…98655377032235072401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.894 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68944712450567917245…97310754064470144799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.894 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68944712450567917245…97310754064470144801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.378 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13788942490113583449…94621508128940289599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.378 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13788942490113583449…94621508128940289601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,672,667 XPM·at block #6,803,578 · updates every 60s
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