Block #325,906

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 9:55:57 AM · Difficulty 10.1956 · 6,485,202 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
306bacd2b477d999bc6571ca805c862b88c1add7efde866e85c1c50016f40a5f

Height

#325,906

Difficulty

10.195596

Transactions

13

Size

4.06 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a321293

Nonce

10,209

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 9:55:57 AM

Confirmations

6,485,202

Merkle Root

e6544481b4a2e507dc7cec1458c4bacf2cd1539f014cabeb5bd8adc71b9b641e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.537 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15373396526343253920…46544963748357228159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15373396526343253920…46544963748357228159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15373396526343253920…46544963748357228161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.074 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30746793052686507841…93089927496714456319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.074 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30746793052686507841…93089927496714456321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.149 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61493586105373015682…86179854993428912639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.149 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61493586105373015682…86179854993428912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.229 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12298717221074603136…72359709986857825279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.229 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12298717221074603136…72359709986857825281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.459 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24597434442149206273…44719419973715650559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.459 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24597434442149206273…44719419973715650561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,971 XPM·at block #6,811,107 · updates every 60s
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