Block #325,841

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 8:56:59 AM · Difficulty 10.1946 · 6,479,433 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5812644845255ff3d5d6a1cd363acd8cb5acf25a7ebb9426b473d64d987b5292

Height

#325,841

Difficulty

10.194584

Transactions

8

Size

3.27 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31d046

Nonce

287,485

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 8:56:59 AM

Confirmations

6,479,433

Merkle Root

e2aded492968cccdbe8bf02f1fdd2a30bfff8a703cacc09a77cf32c8f799a2b1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.523 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
55232349241777389525…02471427305934351359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.523 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
55232349241777389525…02471427305934351359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.523 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
55232349241777389525…02471427305934351361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.104 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
11046469848355477905…04942854611868702719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.104 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
11046469848355477905…04942854611868702721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.209 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
22092939696710955810…09885709223737405439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.209 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
22092939696710955810…09885709223737405441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.418 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
44185879393421911620…19771418447474810879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.418 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
44185879393421911620…19771418447474810881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.837 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
88371758786843823241…39542836894949621759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.837 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
88371758786843823241…39542836894949621761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,686,263 XPM·at block #6,805,273 · updates every 60s
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