Block #325,768

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 7:48:27 AM · Difficulty 10.1941 · 6,492,245 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0773129930819f5b6227dbbf1a7a57f2eda6a51790a5492e9181363a4b6af6eb

Height

#325,768

Difficulty

10.194125

Transactions

19

Size

7.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31b234

Nonce

13,162

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 7:48:27 AM

Confirmations

6,492,245

Merkle Root

2fe2f5fe2b0294514f0e0c133e5eb9a508e1e1cf100fbc67877513dc00b6c4c9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.706 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67063204969034219406…92201007024495631359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.706 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67063204969034219406…92201007024495631359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.706 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67063204969034219406…92201007024495631361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.341 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13412640993806843881…84402014048991262719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.341 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13412640993806843881…84402014048991262721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.682 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26825281987613687762…68804028097982525439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.682 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26825281987613687762…68804028097982525441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.365 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53650563975227375525…37608056195965050879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.365 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53650563975227375525…37608056195965050881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.073 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10730112795045475105…75216112391930101759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10730112795045475105…75216112391930101761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,788,171 XPM·at block #6,818,012 · updates every 60s
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