Block #325,736

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 7:08:46 AM · Difficulty 10.1951 · 6,485,037 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
74aec152c2de31ba44fc4dc1a24afe060446d43cc35ab42fbd3b49b258a5ff3d

Height

#325,736

Difficulty

10.195096

Transactions

16

Size

20.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31f1d1

Nonce

98,538

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 7:08:46 AM

Confirmations

6,485,037

Merkle Root

2d1360e549341d65f81a5d1f2eda5a175f1c11420b43aab40f9c3aff73151a41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.549 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15491182926634098240…61299966874547921919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.549 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15491182926634098240…61299966874547921919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.549 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15491182926634098240…61299966874547921921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.098 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
30982365853268196480…22599933749095843839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.098 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
30982365853268196480…22599933749095843841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.196 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
61964731706536392960…45199867498191687679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.196 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
61964731706536392960…45199867498191687681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.239 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12392946341307278592…90399734996383375359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.239 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12392946341307278592…90399734996383375361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.478 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24785892682614557184…80799469992766750719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.478 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24785892682614557184…80799469992766750721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,730,280 XPM·at block #6,810,772 · updates every 60s
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