Block #325,596

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/23/2013, 4:39:29 AM · Difficulty 10.1967 · 6,485,552 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
35a698db5bca84c668c1a651393ae406921be8e19776ca408bef2783f266ac56

Height

#325,596

Difficulty

10.196698

Transactions

16

Size

5.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a325ac6

Nonce

145,148

Timestamp

12/23/2013, 4:39:29 AM

Confirmations

6,485,552

Merkle Root

951fdbaf257be333e04e49d0390141dcc446e42b8da037cc45fc9c1d35d352e0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.682 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76824453536103828832…59582997831328588159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.682 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76824453536103828832…59582997831328588159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.682 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76824453536103828832…59582997831328588161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.536 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
15364890707220765766…19165995662657176319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.536 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
15364890707220765766…19165995662657176321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30729781414441531532…38331991325314352639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30729781414441531532…38331991325314352641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.145 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
61459562828883063065…76663982650628705279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.145 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
61459562828883063065…76663982650628705281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.229 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12291912565776612613…53327965301257410559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.229 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12291912565776612613…53327965301257410561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,294 XPM·at block #6,811,147 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.

Cookie Preferences

We use cookies to enhance your experience. Some are essential for the site to function, while others help us understand how you use the site.

·Privacy Policy