Block #3,255,555

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/6/2019, 8:02:10 AM · Difficulty 10.9960 · 3,585,281 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d3456e801cbb95eb5ee3a9882c11022691736ba735ad511dd63ccd8d2fd3a138

Height

#3,255,555

Difficulty

10.995996

Transactions

23

Size

6.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afef993

Nonce

1,928,504,264

Timestamp

7/6/2019, 8:02:10 AM

Confirmations

3,585,281

Merkle Root

72b6f3def2222f2df0128ef355fe28fae1f0f3dac20f9d0097583ea99b4c3068
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.598 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55983674300743540331…41675116849840610249
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.598 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55983674300743540331…41675116849840610249
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.598 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55983674300743540331…41675116849840610251
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11196734860148708066…83350233699681220499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11196734860148708066…83350233699681220501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.239 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22393469720297416132…66700467399362440999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.239 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22393469720297416132…66700467399362441001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44786939440594832265…33400934798724881999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44786939440594832265…33400934798724882001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.957 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89573878881189664530…66801869597449763999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.957 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89573878881189664530…66801869597449764001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17914775776237932906…33603739194899527999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,971,033 XPM·at block #6,840,835 · updates every 60s
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