Block #325,163

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/22/2013, 8:19:45 PM · Difficulty 10.2074 · 6,483,197 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
af465adb2fc92980bf565886c6df058b584878ff63437e6d1dfbeecb9214fb66

Height

#325,163

Difficulty

10.207386

Transactions

14

Size

3.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a351748

Nonce

30,813

Timestamp

12/22/2013, 8:19:45 PM

Confirmations

6,483,197

Merkle Root

2c16d5bfce94a29803c8386654b9ff3bbff6dfda5f7ce1a0cf9b1206b50859f8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.126 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11264925017889070902…65675929543795683621
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.126 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11264925017889070902…65675929543795683621
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.252 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22529850035778141805…31351859087591367241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.505 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45059700071556283610…62703718175182734481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.011 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90119400143112567221…25407436350365468961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.802 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18023880028622513444…50814872700730937921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.604 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36047760057245026888…01629745401461875841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.209 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72095520114490053776…03259490802923751681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14419104022898010755…06518981605847503361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.883 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28838208045796021510…13037963211695006721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.767 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57676416091592043021…26075926423390013441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,710,932 XPM·at block #6,808,359 · updates every 60s
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