Block #325,152

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/22/2013, 8:09:39 PM · Difficulty 10.2050 · 6,478,750 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
10e6ef16b6cc05c52a5b1260f56f6ee4979ef4f8e9534c7682bb64b1013d3973

Height

#325,152

Difficulty

10.204961

Transactions

7

Size

1.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a347854

Nonce

9,395

Timestamp

12/22/2013, 8:09:39 PM

Confirmations

6,478,750

Merkle Root

3927d7952aef002af7dae7080c72e388360c1b037ca62a308ebb80e928d5ed15
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.569 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35699952128085979757…26039486190952964339
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.569 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35699952128085979757…26039486190952964339
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.569 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35699952128085979757…26039486190952964341
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.139 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71399904256171959514…52078972381905928679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.139 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71399904256171959514…52078972381905928681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.427 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14279980851234391902…04157944763811857359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.427 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14279980851234391902…04157944763811857361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.855 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28559961702468783805…08315889527623714719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.855 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28559961702468783805…08315889527623714721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57119923404937567611…16631779055247429439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57119923404937567611…16631779055247429441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,675,262 XPM·at block #6,803,901 · updates every 60s
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