Block #3,247,875

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/30/2019, 5:59:11 PM · Difficulty 11.0101 · 3,585,449 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
813f1bfae4d420585b010caaca162d302b4ac7fd57643c0196e862049876866a

Height

#3,247,875

Difficulty

11.010054

Transactions

33

Size

8.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b0292e7

Nonce

487,902,463

Timestamp

6/30/2019, 5:59:11 PM

Confirmations

3,585,449

Merkle Root

4612a895a17260cb36d0607183a5bdcc4422e974b908286791360e2dc22c70d9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.128 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11288744811863740103…74235006396656517119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.128 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11288744811863740103…74235006396656517119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.128 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11288744811863740103…74235006396656517121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.257 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22577489623727480206…48470012793313034239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.257 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22577489623727480206…48470012793313034241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.515 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45154979247454960413…96940025586626068479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.515 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45154979247454960413…96940025586626068481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.030 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
90309958494909920826…93880051173252136959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.030 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
90309958494909920826…93880051173252136961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.806 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18061991698981984165…87760102346504273919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.806 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18061991698981984165…87760102346504273921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.612 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36123983397963968330…75520204693008547839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,785 XPM·at block #6,833,323 · updates every 60s
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