Block #324,759

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/22/2013, 1:36:53 PM · Difficulty 10.2067 · 6,483,322 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b7363575f67b2fe3564fed49aa0c27814eb15e6e5b2dacd51c2da9ee32d1e631

Height

#324,759

Difficulty

10.206711

Transactions

6

Size

3.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a34eb0b

Nonce

129,113

Timestamp

12/22/2013, 1:36:53 PM

Confirmations

6,483,322

Merkle Root

bb0970c38f92addcb8e3049ea1368c53c9298210bcd6567394e072cb905b38ff
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.422 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24226000506510634806…21257228256116991999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.422 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24226000506510634806…21257228256116991999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.422 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24226000506510634806…21257228256116992001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.845 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48452001013021269612…42514456512233983999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.845 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48452001013021269612…42514456512233984001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.690 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
96904002026042539225…85028913024467967999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.690 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
96904002026042539225…85028913024467968001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.938 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19380800405208507845…70057826048935935999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.938 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19380800405208507845…70057826048935936001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.876 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
38761600810417015690…40115652097871871999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.876 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
38761600810417015690…40115652097871872001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,708,696 XPM·at block #6,808,080 · updates every 60s
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