Block #324,023

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/22/2013, 1:13:29 AM · Difficulty 10.2081 · 6,489,998 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4701f663011e02ef7f24cdd4be392e54162374da0b33704292cc15b49edea99a

Height

#324,023

Difficulty

10.208061

Transactions

16

Size

4.35 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a354375

Nonce

38,134

Timestamp

12/22/2013, 1:13:29 AM

Confirmations

6,489,998

Merkle Root

4a0516bdbfa2b0c93c5a3d566e5e74ece80b5d10a472f6aed15d57573eab9924
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.292 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72926048858358667211…43752011704661155839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.292 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72926048858358667211…43752011704661155839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.292 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72926048858358667211…43752011704661155841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.458 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14585209771671733442…87504023409322311679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.458 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14585209771671733442…87504023409322311681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.917 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29170419543343466884…75008046818644623359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.917 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29170419543343466884…75008046818644623361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.834 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58340839086686933768…50016093637289246719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.834 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58340839086686933768…50016093637289246721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.166 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11668167817337386753…00032187274578493439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.166 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11668167817337386753…00032187274578493441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,252 XPM·at block #6,814,020 · updates every 60s
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