Block #322,327

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/20/2013, 10:18:24 PM · Difficulty 10.1946 · 6,488,302 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a9153c640f1d1732c4cdbe6802ae814d5649715eb758ce7e03cdea5dbc80a17d

Height

#322,327

Difficulty

10.194583

Transactions

11

Size

2.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a31d036

Nonce

28,356

Timestamp

12/20/2013, 10:18:24 PM

Confirmations

6,488,302

Merkle Root

871f0172a9a82520d837a5998c4fc94ef0f3a539945d32c51cb9289695b60d15
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26150486322210142975…10894638018373785599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26150486322210142975…10894638018373785599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26150486322210142975…10894638018373785601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.230 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52300972644420285951…21789276036747571199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.230 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52300972644420285951…21789276036747571201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10460194528884057190…43578552073495142399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10460194528884057190…43578552073495142401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.092 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20920389057768114380…87157104146990284799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.092 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20920389057768114380…87157104146990284801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.184 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41840778115536228761…74314208293980569599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.184 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41840778115536228761…74314208293980569601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,118 XPM·at block #6,810,628 · updates every 60s
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