Block #3,223,262

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/13/2019, 7:20:00 AM · Difficulty 11.0273 · 3,608,476 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
def384d19f007b41b19fea08e076612c35b7bf326d81e9b245b90cac2507d52f

Height

#3,223,262

Difficulty

11.027302

Transactions

22

Size

8.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b06fd49

Nonce

212,249,297

Timestamp

6/13/2019, 7:20:00 AM

Confirmations

3,608,476

Merkle Root

e6d84b860a0a1aa4d1588036c27f1a1d56b5d7345bd4e6de6fbead22e3729118
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.764 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37642955005924862754…40804583091566706759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.764 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37642955005924862754…40804583091566706759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.764 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37642955005924862754…40804583091566706761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.528 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75285910011849725508…81609166183133413519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.528 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75285910011849725508…81609166183133413521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15057182002369945101…63218332366266827039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15057182002369945101…63218332366266827041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.011 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30114364004739890203…26436664732533654079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.011 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30114364004739890203…26436664732533654081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.022 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60228728009479780406…52873329465067308159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.022 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60228728009479780406…52873329465067308161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.204 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12045745601895956081…05746658930134616319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,898,009 XPM·at block #6,831,737 · updates every 60s
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