Block #320,978

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/20/2013, 12:50:22 AM · Difficulty 10.1843 · 6,520,822 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f4c661b984f5c0991cddfafcbcf99abbc119c20b5bba1f5d64f794042ee30bfa

Height

#320,978

Difficulty

10.184324

Transactions

8

Size

3.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2f2fdc

Nonce

12,647

Timestamp

12/20/2013, 12:50:22 AM

Confirmations

6,520,822

Merkle Root

e8a5150d7e18f0428ebfb54a697382dcde92dffdae33e87c3a8aa37b355330d3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.115 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91159068073166600682…10631066252214082211
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.115 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91159068073166600682…10631066252214082211
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.823 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18231813614633320136…21262132504428164421
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.646 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36463627229266640272…42524265008856328841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.292 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72927254458533280545…85048530017712657681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.458 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14585450891706656109…70097060035425315361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.917 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29170901783413312218…40194120070850630721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.834 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58341803566826624436…80388240141701261441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.166 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11668360713365324887…60776480283402522881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.333 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23336721426730649774…21552960566805045761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.667 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
46673442853461299549…43105921133610091521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,978,779 XPM·at block #6,841,799 · updates every 60s
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