Block #320,069

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/19/2013, 10:17:46 AM · Difficulty 10.1780 · 6,490,290 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
23963d790d7fd13d101e3355494b8216ebfe900cf4adba3a90e90240ec2cd353

Height

#320,069

Difficulty

10.178028

Transactions

7

Size

3.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2d933f

Nonce

71,961

Timestamp

12/19/2013, 10:17:46 AM

Confirmations

6,490,290

Merkle Root

1a8116e86692a7dc93ef8331a1755f50cd88b52a3a6ded4194127c6f16dd21cc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.369 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
83696483578674374427…59420260324857761919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.369 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
83696483578674374427…59420260324857761919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.369 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
83696483578674374427…59420260324857761921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.673 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16739296715734874885…18840520649715523839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.673 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16739296715734874885…18840520649715523841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.347 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33478593431469749770…37681041299431047679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.347 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33478593431469749770…37681041299431047681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.695 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66957186862939499541…75362082598862095359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.695 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66957186862939499541…75362082598862095361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.339 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13391437372587899908…50724165197724190719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.339 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13391437372587899908…50724165197724190721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,726,947 XPM·at block #6,810,358 · updates every 60s
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