Block #319,861

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/19/2013, 7:10:56 AM · Difficulty 10.1746 · 6,479,304 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e5ae96670dca289a8a04f6fba851a1ce5150a8f49ca515bd759d2e900c5903fd

Height

#319,861

Difficulty

10.174626

Transactions

24

Size

6.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2cb44f

Nonce

66,403

Timestamp

12/19/2013, 7:10:56 AM

Confirmations

6,479,304

Merkle Root

0637b8c8226b039349cef22821af8253213abe212cd98e0fd705421bec61c06e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.228 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42287438249324261853…94972361362603302401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.228 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42287438249324261853…94972361362603302401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.457 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
84574876498648523706…89944722725206604801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.691 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16914975299729704741…79889445450413209601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.382 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33829950599459409482…59778890900826419201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.765 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
67659901198918818965…19557781801652838401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.353 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13531980239783763793…39115563603305676801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.706 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
27063960479567527586…78231127206611353601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.412 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
54127920959135055172…56462254413222707201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.082 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10825584191827011034…12924508826445414401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.165 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21651168383654022068…25849017652890828801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,637,355 XPM·at block #6,799,164 · updates every 60s
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