Block #319,604

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/19/2013, 3:16:28 AM · Difficulty 10.1706 · 6,487,856 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6201a0108de152f0f8c1dc94d810526c62cd5e2fee513e273df244526bcf6950

Height

#319,604

Difficulty

10.170644

Transactions

16

Size

28.54 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2baf57

Nonce

60,789

Timestamp

12/19/2013, 3:16:28 AM

Confirmations

6,487,856

Merkle Root

d43456ebdb4c625bf599b0e2d7ab8f5c9f83c8f6ddc3eb551c01d0bf6715fd6c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.044 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
50448305373794362512…21182185776314216641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.044 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
50448305373794362512…21182185776314216641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.008 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10089661074758872502…42364371552628433281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.017 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
20179322149517745004…84728743105256866561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.035 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
40358644299035490009…69457486210513733121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.071 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
80717288598070980019…38914972421027466241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.614 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16143457719614196003…77829944842054932481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.228 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
32286915439228392007…55659889684109864961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.457 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
64573830878456784015…11319779368219729921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.291 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12914766175691356803…22639558736439459841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.582 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
25829532351382713606…45279117472878919681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,703,704 XPM·at block #6,807,459 · updates every 60s
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