Block #318,981

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/18/2013, 5:46:21 PM · Difficulty 10.1619 · 6,479,933 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3bdd1ca879dfdea6cdbb9f5de4291f1b192ef622132769f0550fa64aaaaa37e8

Height

#318,981

Difficulty

10.161943

Transactions

28

Size

7.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a297520

Nonce

10,367

Timestamp

12/18/2013, 5:46:21 PM

Confirmations

6,479,933

Merkle Root

08c54e9357fe96236b25f41673aefd1c4cb0bb1e0c7bcbeea5df5ec7ed2f8728
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.787 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57875429176604515341…36339128406815030081
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.787 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57875429176604515341…36339128406815030081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.157 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11575085835320903068…72678256813630060161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.315 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23150171670641806136…45356513627260120321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.630 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
46300343341283612273…90713027254520240641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
9.260 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
92600686682567224546…81426054509040481281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.852 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18520137336513444909…62852109018080962561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.704 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37040274673026889818…25704218036161925121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.408 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
74080549346053779637…51408436072323850241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.481 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14816109869210755927…02816872144647700481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.963 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29632219738421511854…05633744289295400961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,635,353 XPM·at block #6,798,913 · updates every 60s
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