Block #318,950

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/18/2013, 5:12:11 PM · Difficulty 10.1624 · 6,476,100 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b9fa8557b421cfbd18de5b2e7511e03ed3afae3c9c710ff6eea847e6564a821f

Height

#318,950

Difficulty

10.162429

Transactions

8

Size

3.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2994f3

Nonce

18,165

Timestamp

12/18/2013, 5:12:11 PM

Confirmations

6,476,100

Merkle Root

b9603475693efcd7805e6dde339c7eef6b3857d637910de7cbbecb7ae7a3a175
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11999676624846290660…17890102325666725601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11999676624846290660…17890102325666725601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23999353249692581320…35780204651333451201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.799 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47998706499385162641…71560409302666902401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.599 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
95997412998770325282…43120818605333804801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.919 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19199482599754065056…86241637210667609601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.839 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38398965199508130113…72483274421335219201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.679 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76797930399016260226…44966548842670438401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.535 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15359586079803252045…89933097685340876801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.071 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30719172159606504090…79866195370681753601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.143 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61438344319213008181…59732390741363507201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,604,440 XPM·at block #6,795,049 · updates every 60s
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