Block #318,774

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/18/2013, 2:20:18 PM · Difficulty 10.1616 · 6,491,129 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f9bb7836dbda73ce816e2a2edc3b452447f7c601f155e82cd1079276c1fb3e24

Height

#318,774

Difficulty

10.161607

Transactions

12

Size

23.54 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a295f0c

Nonce

5,458

Timestamp

12/18/2013, 2:20:18 PM

Confirmations

6,491,129

Merkle Root

5f62362d326249eb052f7a18c174bbcd0f542d36932015b8abf0b96bb52cb3b9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.480 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34802880091550603453…28553730084649352639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.480 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34802880091550603453…28553730084649352639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.480 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34802880091550603453…28553730084649352641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.960 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69605760183101206906…57107460169298705279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.960 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69605760183101206906…57107460169298705281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13921152036620241381…14214920338597410559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13921152036620241381…14214920338597410561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27842304073240482762…28429840677194821119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27842304073240482762…28429840677194821121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.568 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55684608146480965525…56859681354389642239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.568 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55684608146480965525…56859681354389642241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,306 XPM·at block #6,809,902 · updates every 60s
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