Block #318,464

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/18/2013, 9:15:50 AM · Difficulty 10.1605 · 6,491,599 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
01dab4fabc421791d29e7cbafc520c637e0cba8039669963feb5a797c2db0ec2

Height

#318,464

Difficulty

10.160456

Transactions

8

Size

2.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2913a6

Nonce

124,864

Timestamp

12/18/2013, 9:15:50 AM

Confirmations

6,491,599

Merkle Root

c16ddc1b383065ed820a03f4d712c71614ee2c1ac627083400a77c5460838362
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.313 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63138049240635910282…28346708304178574279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.313 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63138049240635910282…28346708304178574279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.313 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63138049240635910282…28346708304178574281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12627609848127182056…56693416608357148559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12627609848127182056…56693416608357148561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.525 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25255219696254364112…13386833216714297119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.525 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25255219696254364112…13386833216714297121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.051 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50510439392508728225…26773666433428594239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.051 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50510439392508728225…26773666433428594241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10102087878501745645…53547332866857188479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10102087878501745645…53547332866857188481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,724,578 XPM·at block #6,810,062 · updates every 60s
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