Block #317,599

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/17/2013, 7:39:50 PM · Difficulty 10.1522 · 6,484,214 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
47020bf36657dd6397e1d20e498eb10bd58339ff1dd2ad2d73eab2b0e9596e9f

Height

#317,599

Difficulty

10.152196

Transactions

10

Size

3.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a26f655

Nonce

168,227

Timestamp

12/17/2013, 7:39:50 PM

Confirmations

6,484,214

Merkle Root

2f18dd362f94081850826579b49ea5dee1965f84582d133c72d11a7abbea8b05
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.579 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15791448739294394635…06294871823129600001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.579 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15791448739294394635…06294871823129600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.158 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31582897478588789271…12589743646259200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.316 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63165794957177578542…25179487292518400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.263 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12633158991435515708…50358974585036800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.526 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25266317982871031417…00717949170073600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.053 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50532635965742062834…01435898340147200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10106527193148412566…02871796680294400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.021 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20213054386296825133…05743593360588800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.042 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
40426108772593650267…11487186721177600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.085 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
80852217545187300534…22974373442355200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,658,596 XPM·at block #6,801,812 · updates every 60s
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