Block #317,187

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/17/2013, 12:38:17 PM · Difficulty 10.1533 · 6,480,478 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
83dfbf50e19a8ac1837dc2a90b20599a51a6108e2d20e7fb6e6e41be0d6c0975

Height

#317,187

Difficulty

10.153258

Transactions

16

Size

4.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a273bec

Nonce

110,954

Timestamp

12/17/2013, 12:38:17 PM

Confirmations

6,480,478

Merkle Root

8770b82a80643a96f2b94b927d4426f42d2abd871e2f8ed1a20b0858d439411d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.357 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33570661115730962125…80178688176850820801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.357 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33570661115730962125…80178688176850820801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.714 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
67141322231461924250…60357376353701641601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13428264446292384850…20714752707403283201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.685 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26856528892584769700…41429505414806566401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.371 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53713057785169539400…82859010829613132801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.074 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10742611557033907880…65718021659226265601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.148 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21485223114067815760…31436043318452531201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.297 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42970446228135631520…62872086636905062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.594 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85940892456271263040…25744173273810124801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.718 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17188178491254252608…51488346547620249601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,625,312 XPM·at block #6,797,664 · updates every 60s
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