Block #316,964

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/17/2013, 9:16:29 AM · Difficulty 10.1472 · 6,487,043 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ff04419241209656b720b88bf5b10c58cbd1c5a646797fdc6d206eacf73ac6c0

Height

#316,964

Difficulty

10.147215

Transactions

14

Size

4.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a25afe4

Nonce

30,391

Timestamp

12/17/2013, 9:16:29 AM

Confirmations

6,487,043

Merkle Root

1337613c47faa14f175f24ef7c50a275c323d1747227f31ce182162d7e4d039e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.880 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18801038499965107038…23955655579818467841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.880 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18801038499965107038…23955655579818467841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.760 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37602076999930214077…47911311159636935681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75204153999860428154…95822622319273871361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.504 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15040830799972085630…91645244638547742721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.008 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30081661599944171261…83290489277095485441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.016 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60163323199888342523…66580978554190970881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.203 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12032664639977668504…33161957108381941761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.406 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24065329279955337009…66323914216763883521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.813 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48130658559910674018…32647828433527767041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.626 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
96261317119821348037…65295656867055534081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,676,103 XPM·at block #6,804,006 · updates every 60s
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