Block #315,230

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/16/2013, 9:59:38 AM · Difficulty 10.0907 · 6,484,082 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f5fb9d6b8731b99d74510cae60acaf6d4d8d4c0e588ce5d8f0e39ab3987c6169

Height

#315,230

Difficulty

10.090705

Transactions

8

Size

3.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a173872

Nonce

710,133

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 9:59:38 AM

Confirmations

6,484,082

Merkle Root

40d672ad589b2a3e57b17069ef0cc715bc885ab122bd9f66fba44fb8ee554780
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.884 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
98846732374568723752…86781947093943348551
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.884 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
98846732374568723752…86781947093943348551
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.976 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19769346474913744750…73563894187886697101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.953 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
39538692949827489500…47127788375773394201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.907 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
79077385899654979001…94255576751546788401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.581 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15815477179930995800…88511153503093576801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.163 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31630954359861991600…77022307006187153601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.326 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
63261908719723983201…54044614012374307201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.265 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12652381743944796640…08089228024748614401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.530 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
25304763487889593280…16178456049497228801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.060 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
50609526975779186561…32356912098994457601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,638,543 XPM·at block #6,799,311 · updates every 60s
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