Block #314,881

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 5:17:27 AM · Difficulty 10.0784 · 6,492,739 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
83d46072c2bde54f107cc7e94b0c894d162035669164ef3d7067b8c78d332aa6

Height

#314,881

Difficulty

10.078356

Transactions

24

Size

23.92 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a140f1d

Nonce

166,565

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 5:17:27 AM

Confirmations

6,492,739

Merkle Root

05991d4febb5aada64aac511f345e3dc23dd8faf3613f5d64e36e2d1804e0fce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73675767138571882116…73236596152238783939
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73675767138571882116…73236596152238783939
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73675767138571882116…73236596152238783941
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.473 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14735153427714376423…46473192304477567879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.473 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14735153427714376423…46473192304477567881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.947 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29470306855428752846…92946384608955135759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.947 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29470306855428752846…92946384608955135761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.894 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58940613710857505693…85892769217910271519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.894 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58940613710857505693…85892769217910271521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.178 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11788122742171501138…71785538435820543039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.178 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11788122742171501138…71785538435820543041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,704,992 XPM·at block #6,807,619 · updates every 60s
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