Block #314,876

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 5:12:44 AM · Difficulty 10.0785 · 6,489,917 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9dfe9d2c32ae26c61623c24237f356796183b7bc074e0ccf8908a70f3dd5a78f

Height

#314,876

Difficulty

10.078473

Transactions

27

Size

6.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1416cd

Nonce

87,057

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 5:12:44 AM

Confirmations

6,489,917

Merkle Root

497c26315d398065a3aa159a12288b07f8381f2e4ae169f2a737590876fdd591
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.281 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12819385290582722781…09347399365942303359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.281 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12819385290582722781…09347399365942303359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.281 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12819385290582722781…09347399365942303361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.563 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25638770581165445563…18694798731884606719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.563 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25638770581165445563…18694798731884606721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.127 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51277541162330891126…37389597463769213439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.127 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51277541162330891126…37389597463769213441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.025 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10255508232466178225…74779194927538426879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.025 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10255508232466178225…74779194927538426881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.051 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20511016464932356450…49558389855076853759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.051 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20511016464932356450…49558389855076853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,682,410 XPM·at block #6,804,792 · updates every 60s
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