Block #314,732

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 3:30:22 AM · Difficulty 10.0717 · 6,488,619 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f3b862099457da6586bf50eda41f34d815010e2f88e52aa2059b1e7b36807793

Height

#314,732

Difficulty

10.071681

Transactions

8

Size

2.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1259a9

Nonce

229,227

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 3:30:22 AM

Confirmations

6,488,619

Merkle Root

5c3bd65d1fac930a359b86bf4c468284bf91c5361e6c595f1e8ea372dc49c62b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.730 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17307616954667607887…95691076245320693759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.730 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17307616954667607887…95691076245320693759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.730 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17307616954667607887…95691076245320693761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.461 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
34615233909335215774…91382152490641387519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.461 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
34615233909335215774…91382152490641387521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.923 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
69230467818670431548…82764304981282775039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.923 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
69230467818670431548…82764304981282775041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.384 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13846093563734086309…65528609962565550079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.384 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13846093563734086309…65528609962565550081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.769 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
27692187127468172619…31057219925131100159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.769 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
27692187127468172619…31057219925131100161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,670,842 XPM·at block #6,803,350 · updates every 60s
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