Block #314,725

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 3:17:28 AM · Difficulty 10.0727 · 6,478,048 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
912eec2576facb8033980809ae9bc84822b127ad11af6d39057e20cabfa3a103

Height

#314,725

Difficulty

10.072735

Transactions

19

Size

5.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a129ec0

Nonce

21,657

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 3:17:28 AM

Confirmations

6,478,048

Merkle Root

7c4b92b3ba15375fa80eb0e50062ab4ad2ab2d6e8efec14d8cc3ad9c31cc88f3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.093 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30935833942923542511…92850218011806824259
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.093 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30935833942923542511…92850218011806824259
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.093 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30935833942923542511…92850218011806824261
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.187 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
61871667885847085022…85700436023613648519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.187 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
61871667885847085022…85700436023613648521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.237 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12374333577169417004…71400872047227297039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.237 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12374333577169417004…71400872047227297041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.474 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24748667154338834008…42801744094454594079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.474 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24748667154338834008…42801744094454594081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.949 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
49497334308677668017…85603488188909188159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.949 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
49497334308677668017…85603488188909188161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,586,164 XPM·at block #6,792,772 · updates every 60s
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