Block #314,624

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 1:52:56 AM · Difficulty 10.0685 · 6,499,503 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e8caad3c15c3f7f4b49b2056b659bcb5a42984ca3123f1411c531ac910296018

Height

#314,624

Difficulty

10.068462

Transactions

6

Size

2.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1186be

Nonce

138,462

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 1:52:56 AM

Confirmations

6,499,503

Merkle Root

387d3c12052a50defe2b98aed1be1ea02d7c1e08afce9140861e77cc29a591d7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.081 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
70818459507429956921…22783089859252107359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.081 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
70818459507429956921…22783089859252107359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.081 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
70818459507429956921…22783089859252107361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.416 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14163691901485991384…45566179718504214719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.416 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14163691901485991384…45566179718504214721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.832 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28327383802971982768…91132359437008429439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.832 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28327383802971982768…91132359437008429441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.665 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
56654767605943965537…82264718874016858879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.665 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
56654767605943965537…82264718874016858881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.133 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11330953521188793107…64529437748033717759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.133 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11330953521188793107…64529437748033717761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,757,101 XPM·at block #6,814,126 · updates every 60s
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