Block #314,546

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 12:46:56 AM · Difficulty 10.0661 · 6,493,630 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7ed69eee0827b702616fd49669a599d6bf9f737e6d6c6e8dbc3c39e35eb34415

Height

#314,546

Difficulty

10.066112

Transactions

14

Size

6.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a10ecb9

Nonce

4,352

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 12:46:56 AM

Confirmations

6,493,630

Merkle Root

bcd64e3c8e7492d3114ef9a64a6316314dde3af88df1829759c13900d25be9bc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.641 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26417826180173075839…12953088143969776199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.641 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26417826180173075839…12953088143969776199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.641 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26417826180173075839…12953088143969776201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.283 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52835652360346151678…25906176287939552399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.283 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52835652360346151678…25906176287939552401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.056 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10567130472069230335…51812352575879104799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.056 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10567130472069230335…51812352575879104801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.113 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21134260944138460671…03624705151758209599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.113 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21134260944138460671…03624705151758209601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.226 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
42268521888276921342…07249410303516419199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.226 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
42268521888276921342…07249410303516419201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,456 XPM·at block #6,808,175 · updates every 60s
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