Block #314,527

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 12:30:14 AM · Difficulty 10.0657 · 6,483,434 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b65e37022b789a891102aa4365cc2641b6c1906ebaf0c414c63fc8cdd404a886

Height

#314,527

Difficulty

10.065746

Transactions

10

Size

2.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a10d4c2

Nonce

109,921

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 12:30:14 AM

Confirmations

6,483,434

Merkle Root

bc0a18c16327005a9bccb211ab2f32fb0f4ca8ba2ccc59c1aba618e37320bbb7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.695 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
36952236156064045382…02651365203457884159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.695 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
36952236156064045382…02651365203457884159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.695 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
36952236156064045382…02651365203457884161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.390 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
73904472312128090765…05302730406915768319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.390 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
73904472312128090765…05302730406915768321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.478 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14780894462425618153…10605460813831536639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.478 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14780894462425618153…10605460813831536641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.956 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
29561788924851236306…21210921627663073279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.956 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
29561788924851236306…21210921627663073281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.912 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
59123577849702472612…42421843255326146559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.912 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
59123577849702472612…42421843255326146561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,627,680 XPM·at block #6,797,960 · updates every 60s
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