Block #314,439

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/15/2013, 11:15:14 PM · Difficulty 10.0633 · 6,495,800 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
00e159f57b26f1042041754848dd96be0457d316bb486766e301f48c7111784d

Height

#314,439

Difficulty

10.063258

Transactions

10

Size

33.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1031aa

Nonce

290,392

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 11:15:14 PM

Confirmations

6,495,800

Merkle Root

356547b5262c2eec1e22741f724838aafc0ec2f3bee05dd35bccf58f02ef29c4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.788 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97888618911957636389…28733216585218375149
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.788 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97888618911957636389…28733216585218375149
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.788 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97888618911957636389…28733216585218375151
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.957 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19577723782391527277…57466433170436750299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.957 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19577723782391527277…57466433170436750301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.915 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39155447564783054555…14932866340873500599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.915 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39155447564783054555…14932866340873500601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.831 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78310895129566109111…29865732681747001199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.831 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78310895129566109111…29865732681747001201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.566 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15662179025913221822…59731465363494002399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.566 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15662179025913221822…59731465363494002401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,725,990 XPM·at block #6,810,238 · updates every 60s
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