Block #314,330

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/15/2013, 9:58:46 PM · Difficulty 10.0572 · 6,499,973 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
64ca92bc4a9d49ca3c662468e70fc13c0dadeb6494c09acc74613b333e73f0aa

Height

#314,330

Difficulty

10.057199

Transactions

20

Size

16.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a0ea495

Nonce

71,132

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 9:58:46 PM

Confirmations

6,499,973

Merkle Root

797375f8c0c7448a8fa0c1552f01d2e611490688d54896a20ed5b673d44ff8b5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.249 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12490530019453306322…73603446834823761399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.249 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12490530019453306322…73603446834823761399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.249 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12490530019453306322…73603446834823761401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.498 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24981060038906612644…47206893669647522799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.498 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24981060038906612644…47206893669647522801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.996 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
49962120077813225289…94413787339295045599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.996 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
49962120077813225289…94413787339295045601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.992 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
99924240155626450578…88827574678590091199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.992 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
99924240155626450578…88827574678590091201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.998 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19984848031125290115…77655149357180182399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.998 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19984848031125290115…77655149357180182401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,758,487 XPM·at block #6,814,302 · updates every 60s
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