Block #313,677

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/15/2013, 2:17:34 PM · Difficulty 10.0206 · 6,482,833 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
235c281afab0902e5230693e0fedede6c35f4b0d5929390b94becbca437b2a71

Height

#313,677

Difficulty

10.020631

Transactions

8

Size

3.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a05480e

Nonce

61,541

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 2:17:34 PM

Confirmations

6,482,833

Merkle Root

9005ed42ab40b99ddc7756ad274bb0c7559ea39f9a61c930c58e2a9f20f231c2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.757 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
77577417301575131766…47482784016573772881
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.757 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
77577417301575131766…47482784016573772881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.551 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15515483460315026353…94965568033147545761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.103 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
31030966920630052706…89931136066295091521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.206 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
62061933841260105413…79862272132590183041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.241 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12412386768252021082…59724544265180366081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.482 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24824773536504042165…19449088530360732161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.964 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
49649547073008084330…38898177060721464321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.929 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
99299094146016168661…77796354121442928641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.985 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19859818829203233732…55592708242885857281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.971 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
39719637658406467464…11185416485771714561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,616,083 XPM·at block #6,796,509 · updates every 60s
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