Block #313,588

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/15/2013, 1:22:28 PM · Difficulty 10.0139 · 6,499,461 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
fa2f9e403c7c3fb930391dba44cbb1c5a31d6c26b9f02b0b33ff8777ea704150

Height

#313,588

Difficulty

10.013947

Transactions

16

Size

3.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a03920a

Nonce

3,387

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 1:22:28 PM

Confirmations

6,499,461

Merkle Root

d28ad885c5b7a99bee3983167e1b9b1848f85e195f3c49864e40a1586f4f15e6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.405 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24055821112819964785…23711828267386529201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.405 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24055821112819964785…23711828267386529201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.811 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48111642225639929570…47423656534773058401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.622 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96223284451279859141…94847313069546116801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.924 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19244656890255971828…89694626139092233601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38489313780511943656…79389252278184467201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.697 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76978627561023887313…58778504556368934401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.539 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15395725512204777462…17557009112737868801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.079 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30791451024409554925…35114018225475737601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.158 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61582902048819109850…70228036450951475201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.231 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12316580409763821970…40456072901902950401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
2.463 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24633160819527643940…80912145803805900801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
4.926 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49266321639055287880…61824291607611801601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,748,437 XPM·at block #6,813,048 · updates every 60s
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