Block #313,364

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/15/2013, 10:40:00 AM · Difficulty 10.0019 · 6,493,399 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
98f3608dab3464972dbac72b06ffc7e100769d738819868789644f5a1cc2adb6

Height

#313,364

Difficulty

10.001914

Transactions

8

Size

3.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a007d6e

Nonce

27,539

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 10:40:00 AM

Confirmations

6,493,399

Merkle Root

89e4694bf3c08b38f5a0232ede466053007430e537dfd6c95de73d1e92b9c9b9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.767 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
57671071980240027464…52397357941024073499
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.767 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
57671071980240027464…52397357941024073499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.767 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
57671071980240027464…52397357941024073501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.153 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11534214396048005492…04794715882048146999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.153 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11534214396048005492…04794715882048147001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.306 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
23068428792096010985…09589431764096293999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.306 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
23068428792096010985…09589431764096294001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.613 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
46136857584192021971…19178863528192587999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.613 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
46136857584192021971…19178863528192588001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.227 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
92273715168384043942…38357727056385175999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.227 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
92273715168384043942…38357727056385176001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,698,205 XPM·at block #6,806,762 · updates every 60s
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