Block #313,340

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/15/2013, 10:25:18 AM · Difficulty 9.9961 · 6,495,043 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
56ebd91ab2039af91c49711f366397902a02a1382d841f009c6efa74005d9de1

Height

#313,340

Difficulty

9.996094

Transactions

16

Size

5.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ff0000

Nonce

52,174

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 10:25:18 AM

Confirmations

6,495,043

Merkle Root

145454560b896c914eadc59a7bb93888bdf2c9f001423c423b1698f18f9382ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.462 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24625351628557410763…95471820987083252199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.462 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24625351628557410763…95471820987083252199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.462 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24625351628557410763…95471820987083252201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.925 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49250703257114821526…90943641974166504399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.925 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49250703257114821526…90943641974166504401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.850 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98501406514229643052…81887283948333008799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.850 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98501406514229643052…81887283948333008801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.970 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19700281302845928610…63774567896666017599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.970 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19700281302845928610…63774567896666017601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.940 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39400562605691857221…27549135793332035199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.940 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39400562605691857221…27549135793332035201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.880 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78801125211383714442…55098271586664070399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,118 XPM·at block #6,808,382 · updates every 60s
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