1. #6,799,332TWN10 primes

    Bi-Twin · ⛏️ coinsforall.io

Block #313,335

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/15/2013, 10:23:40 AM · Difficulty 9.9961 · 6,485,998 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2a13ba0717b8e994c02ef04e5278250ca937f2b9cdfc8fe4b95f6834a368fc0b

Height

#313,335

Difficulty

9.996091

Transactions

16

Size

4.38 KB

Version

2

Bits

09feffd8

Nonce

82,810

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 10:23:40 AM

Confirmations

6,485,998

Merkle Root

78515baada1c6371264b33bced3728a7afe1f61aa2eafcdae98a060dcfebbc81
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.505 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15057717202874146087…78488331580450334719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.505 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15057717202874146087…78488331580450334719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.505 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15057717202874146087…78488331580450334721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.011 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
30115434405748292175…56976663160900669439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.011 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
30115434405748292175…56976663160900669441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.023 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
60230868811496584350…13953326321801338879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.023 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
60230868811496584350…13953326321801338881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.204 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12046173762299316870…27906652643602677759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.204 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12046173762299316870…27906652643602677761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.409 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
24092347524598633740…55813305287205355519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.409 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
24092347524598633740…55813305287205355521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,638,714 XPM·at block #6,799,332 · updates every 60s
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