Block #313,117

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/15/2013, 8:00:51 AM · Difficulty 9.9960 · 6,481,474 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cf61636c59f6cc5cc01a78d17644f9751393acbf224e95fa5037b4fb8cc118cb

Height

#313,117

Difficulty

9.996026

Transactions

16

Size

5.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fefb8b

Nonce

153,988

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 8:00:51 AM

Confirmations

6,481,474

Merkle Root

e5450d365e6511ae850eafad08bc8b5d2716d6bf72efacee5822660f5885e5d7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.437 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24378318936212468465…20191909306739493241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.437 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24378318936212468465…20191909306739493241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.875 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48756637872424936931…40383818613478986481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.751 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
97513275744849873862…80767637226957972961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.950 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19502655148969974772…61535274453915945921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.900 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39005310297939949544…23070548907831891841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.801 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
78010620595879899089…46141097815663783681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.560 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15602124119175979817…92282195631327567361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.120 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31204248238351959635…84564391262655134721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.240 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
62408496476703919271…69128782525310269441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.248 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12481699295340783854…38257565050620538881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,600,768 XPM·at block #6,794,590 · updates every 60s
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