Block #312,819

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/15/2013, 4:56:44 AM · Difficulty 9.9959 · 6,484,042 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
edb52143d907638e738989081d286734e0e310b8ebda9f09c0d6887261436b61

Height

#312,819

Difficulty

9.995925

Transactions

26

Size

18.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fef4f4

Nonce

19,259

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 4:56:44 AM

Confirmations

6,484,042

Merkle Root

13342c2384c6d8e37012083bb599c3846176e397474a8b9de0491036aceead68
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.623 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36238675334258996174…64286951934081557441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.623 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36238675334258996174…64286951934081557441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.247 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
72477350668517992349…28573903868163114881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.449 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14495470133703598469…57147807736326229761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.899 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
28990940267407196939…14295615472652459521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.798 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
57981880534814393879…28591230945304919041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.159 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11596376106962878775…57182461890609838081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.319 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
23192752213925757551…14364923781219676161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.638 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
46385504427851515103…28729847562439352321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.277 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
92771008855703030207…57459695124878704641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.855 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18554201771140606041…14919390249757409281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,618,902 XPM·at block #6,796,860 · updates every 60s
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